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We divide the Earth's circumference into 360 degrees, with 60 minutes to the degree and 60 seconds to the minute. 360 degrees equals 21,600 minutes or 1,296,000 seconds. It has been that way since we inherited the system from the Babylonians over three thousand years ago and it has never been questioned that it is the correct system for us to use when giving a location on the Earth a set of coordinates that can be found by navigation. As long as the Equator is zero latitude and Greenwich Observatory is zero longitude anyone with an accurate method of timekeeping and a means to calculate latitude can work out where they are standing and give it a number that can be located by someone else with the same tools. We take navigation for granted; yet I doubt that most of you have the necessary skills that would enable you to traverse the surface of the Earth unaided. You don't need to feel ashamed of that because in a modern world those talents are only needed by sailors and pilots, people we depend upon to move us from continent to continent.

For most of us navigation is buying a road map and following the street signs until we reach our destination, but have you ever considered the problem in a historical context? Why did the Babylonians need to measure the circumference in 360 degrees, and how did they know the Earth was a sphere? We can make some assumptions as to where they acquired the knowledge of measuring the Earth, assuming, of course, that they didn't come up with the skills completely independently. Modern historians have tended to overlook the influence of Egypt and the knowledge they possessed of mathematics and measure, they were a culture who had been measuring the Earth and stars long before Babylon existed. It is easy to credit Babylon with the discovery of Earth measure, but first we should look at a little piece of history in a different light.

The Babylonian captivity of the Jews is familiar to most people, be they historians or not. It is well documented in the Old Testament and Jewish history, which also recounts the Exodus from Egypt with Moses. What few people realize is the reason why Nebuchadnezzar captured the Jews. He was searching for knowledge, because knowledge is power, and the Jews had knowledge that was greater than his own and he wanted it badly. He abducted King Zedekhaia and blinded him; he murdered his two sons and took the Jews to Babylon. The King's daughter, Teamhair, escaped, taking with her the Stone of the Covenant, but we shall return to her story later.

The first assumption to make is that since the Jews had been a part of Egyptian culture they would retain information that had been accumulated in Egypt, but the priests and nobility, not the masses, would hold it. Even though Egypt does not document the Jews or their Exodus, there are many historians who believe that Moses was a High Priest of Egypt and by consequence would have taken with him secrets that would have been taught to his successors. If this were the case, it is only logical to assume that it included the mathematical knowledge of Egypt, knowledge that, I believe, predated Egypt itself. The point I am making is that King Nebuchadnezzar was stealing the secrets of the Hebrews and the chances are that it included knowledge of the 360-degree system of measure, which we credit to Babylon without question, but I have a few questions of my own.

My research over the past few years has uncovered many secrets of how the Ancient Egyptians measured the Earth and the system of measure they utilised. Part of my discovery has been the geometrical system by which the Giza Pyramids are laid out and the mathematical equations and formulae they encode. We have much information about the fractional / decimal system they used found in the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus and the Moscow Papyrus, texts which few classical scholars go near, simply because mathematics is outside their area of study. In fact, of the hundreds of thousands of articles and treatises written on Ancient Egypt, fewer than ten have been written on the mathematical papyri. Historians do not base their translations and theories on what was a fundamental and essential aspect of Egyptian science. The Egyptians understood Pi.

The system of measuring the circumference of a circle in relationship to its radius and diameter was understood with precision by the Ancient Egyptians, as was the Pythagorean theory of right-angled triangles. Both are built into the Giza Pyramids. The Great Pyramid, Khufu's or Cheop's Pyramid, has the proportions of seven high by eleven wide, therefore its height divided into its circumference (44 -:- 7) produces the approximation of 2Pi of 6.285714... or 6 and 2/7ths. The second pyramid, Khafre's or Chephren's pyramid, encodes the proportions of the 3-4-5 triangle where its height equals the 4 side and its half base the 3 proportion and consequently its slope is the 5 proportion. These relationships are covered in greater detail in my book with Simon Cox, The Makers of Time, but I want to develop one area in particular in this appendix. It all has to do with the number seven.

Seven was the magical number in Egypt, their entire measuring system and mythology was based around it. The Giza Plateau geometries develop a system of geometry that produces a harmonious integration of the constructs of the pentagon, hexagon and heptagon, or 5, 6 and 7. Now we are getting close to the problem I have had to solve and I'll begin with the simplest demonstration of it I can find. 360 is a number that cannot be divided by seven and produce a whole number. 360 divided by 7 equals 51.428571...., nor can it be divided by eleven and produce a whole number, 360 -:- 11 = 32.72727...., 360 degrees is not based in Pi. It is a simple system of measure that works just fine and the Egyptians would have been well aware of it, but it wasn't Sacred. There is another number system that is far more harmonious and is based around seven, eleven, seventeen, fifty-one and fifty-six, that number is Pi of 3.1416 and 2Pi of 6.2832.

Modern precision engineering uses the same figures, a rounded off version of true Pi which is 3.141592654... On the size of the Earth the difference between true Pi and 3.1416 is less than a hundred metres, so it makes little or no difference where accuracy of measure is concerned, and yet it is the basis of a system of measure that has been staring us in the face for thousands of years. All will be revealed shortly, but first another look at Babylon. If Nebuchadnezzar was stealing the knowledge of the Jews and, by default, the Egyptians, he was given only a part of the truth, a system based in 360 which was not the sacred measure based in Pi. Zedekhaia would not have been too happy at being blinded and his sons murdered, so is it possible that he was a little economical with the truth?

He could easily divulge a 360-degree system and Nebuchadnezzar would be happy with it because it works, but he obviously did not gain access to the Sacred system based in 357 degrees. So far you probably think I'm making up all of this, so first let me explain how it works. Numbers are just numbers, you can use any system you choose to measure the Earth, use as many degrees in your personal system of measure as you like, just as long as you understand it and can make it work. We have been handed down a 360-degree system and have never questioned it because it is satisfactory and does the job. I want to show you my system and how it works before I tell you how I discovered it with the aid of the Giza geometries.

Divide the Earth into 62,832 lines of latitude and longitude, each division being a slice of Pi (pardon the pun). It is only another equivalent of minutes or seconds and we could easily make it 31,416 slices, but in this system each slice is a single unit of Pi or 2Pi. The Great Pyramid gives us the number clues for the next subdivision. As I pointed out earlier its proportions are 7 x 11. The height divided into two sides (22) gives an approximate Pi of 3 and 1/7th. (3.14285714..) and into four sides (44) produces 2Pi. . The Egyptians loved mnemonic numbers, ones that could be easily remembered and formed part of a much greater mathematical picture. They did not limit themselves to a singular system of measure as is seen in the fact that they used two values of Cubit, the Royal and the Sacred, but I will cover that in detail in my book. For now, let me show you how to slice the Pi.

31,416 divided by 22 creates a fraction, one that is fundamental to the entire system. That fraction is 1/1428th. . 31,416 divided by 88 equals 1 /357th. . That means simply that if we divide the Earth into 357 degrees each degree represents 88 units of Pi, and obviously 1/1428th equals 22 units of Pi or 44 of 2 Pi. It makes a little more sense when we look at the system of measure, which underlies this division, the Sacred Cubit . The Egyptians had a measure for the polar axis, the distance between the North and South Poles. It was 500 million inches, or 20 million Sacred Cubits of 25 inches. That becomes the diameter of the circle between the Poles, and that circle has a circumference of 20 million x 3.1416, or 62,832,000 Sacred Cubits . Do you see where this is going? One unit of 2 Pi equals 1,000 cubits on the surface of the Globe and one unit of Pi equals 2000 sacred cubits. Therefore, the 1/1428th. fraction measures 44,000 Sacred Cubits . One side of the Great Pyramid measures 440 Royal Cubits, a different measure but the base number is the same . This is not the place to elaborate on the harmony of the Cubit system, but it is covered in detail in ' The Makers of Time'.

The Hebrew alphabet comprises twenty-two letters which each have a numerical value, the language itself forms words, which have numerical values. This system is ancient and is obviously based in mathematics, there is a hidden code within it. Jewish theologians have spent centuries trying to unravel the code that was implanted in their language from the beginning but the fundamental question has to be, why? The tribes of Israel, the Hebrew, came from Egypt where they were known as the Habiru, or foreigners. Prior to their Exodus they were not a cohesive culture, their ethnic roots were extremely diversified and Judaism was formed from their need to form a single theological-political structure. One tribe in particular, the tribe of Dan, did not adhere to the tenets of this new religion and left Israel before the Babylonian captivity and moved away to an unknown, by Hebrew history, destination. Many historians have speculated that they were in fact the Tuattha de Danann, a Celtic tribe based in Ireland . This speculation may not be unfounded, as you are about to see.

The Pharaoh in Egypt was surrounded and protected by a group of courtiers who were foreigners and were called the Iry-Pat. They took care of the everyday business of running Egypt, they were civil servants. It is quite possible that they were part of the Exodus, which would account for the event not being recorded in Egyptian history. It is also possible that they were the Tribe of Dan. This may seem like a huge supposition to make but as the evidence progresses you will begin to understand why I am taking this track and please remember this is merely an outline and I will not be presenting all the evidence in this article.

Early Egypt had a symbol, which was revered for thousands of years before it disappeared without comment, just like the Jews, it was the Ben-ben stone. The hieroglyph for the Ben-been is a three stepped pyramid, coincidently the same as the small satellite pyramid of Menkaure's Pyramid, G3b, which is the key to solving the Giza geometry. The Ben-ben was also known as the Stone of the Phoenix. It was kept atop a pillar at Heliopolis in its own sanctuary. Little is known about the Ben-ben, especially the significance of what it represented. One possible clue is its hieroglyph; if it is a true representation of the actual artefact then the chances are that it was ' The Measure', the yardstick that comprised the Sacred Measure of Egypt’s founders. Measure is the fundamental of any civilization, you cannot be taxed until you can be measured . Which brings us back to the lady who escaped the Babylonian captivity , Teamhair , or Tara , daughter of Zedekhaia , the King who was economical with the Truth .

Legend says that Tara escaped with the prophet Jeremiah in 586 bce., taking with them the 'Stone of the Covenant' . They travelled first to Egypt , then to Spain , where Tara married the King of All Ireland , Eochaidh, before moving to Ireland to become Queen . The Stone went with them and for a thousand years afterwards the Irish kings were crowned in its presence. Now if that short statement doesn't open up a thousand questions, you're not paying attention. First let's examine the Stone of the Covenant, or Jacob's Pillar as it was also known. We are told that the Jews left Egypt carrying the Ark of the Covenant, was the Stone the occupant of the Ark? I can surmise that the only covenant with God is Sacred Measure, the ability to measure His creation, and the most valuable artefact to a nation whose language is based in number had to be 'The Measure'. There are too many coincidences to explain, and the next is what Tara herself represented, the Bloodline.

Here is a refugee from a Middle Eastern country running away and marrying a King of Ireland, one of the Tuattha de Danann, it sounds like a fairy tale. And then the artefact she brings with her becomes the centrepiece of their coronations for a thousand years. I have to assume that these people had more in common than lust. They obviously shared a common belief and possible family ties, especially if the Tribe of Dan were the Tuattha de Danann and , if the Tribe of Dan were the Iry-Pat , the civil servants of the Pharaoh , then what I am about to reveal to you makes perfect logic.

It's all about measure.

What role did the Iry-Pat play in Egypt and why did a group of foreigners have such influence ? The Bible itself talks about a race of people who were Measurers, who carried their measuring staffs wherever they travelled. The iconography is familiar to anyone who has seen a picture of an Egyptian God or Pharaoh, they all carry a staff. The shadow of a staff of known length can determine your latitude on the surface of the Earth, let alone the possibilities of an instrument like Crichton's Cross-. Were the Iry-Pat a group of Celtic surveyors who ran the observatory that was the Giza Pyramids? Were they the true founders of Egypt? I can see the smile spreading across the faces of those of you who think I've backed myself into a corner, but this is where facts obliterate most of what we determine as true history.

Stonehenge and Avebury Circle fall on a line of longitude that is exactly 33 degrees west of the Giza Meridian. That's in a 360-degree system. However, that is the only part of the Grand Design I am about to show you that is in the 360 degree system. Giza is at latitude 30 degrees North, or 1/12th of a great circle north of the Equator. Stonehenge, at latitude 51*10.58'N., is exactly 1/17th of a great circle further North. Avebury, at latitude 51*25.71'N., is exactly 1/7th of a great circle north of the Equator. Pay attention at the back of the class! One twelfth plus one seventeenth subtracted from one-seventh leaves a fraction, it is 1/1428th.. The measure between Stonehenge and Avebury is 17miles 633 yards, or 44,000 sacred cubits or 1,100,000 inches. It defines the 357 system.

This is merely the beginning of a process of discovery that has overwhelmed me for the last few years. It will change forever how we look at our history. If it merely stopped at these three locations I would admit to coincidence, but it doesn't. There is a grid system laid out across Britain and Ireland that is defined at its intersections by many famous places including Iron Age forts, stone circles, standing stones, castles, churches and cathedrals. The Romans built their roads along these latitudes, connecting different grid locations, and all of them triangulated to the Great Pyramid at Giza. I know it all sounds fantastic, but when you see it you will probably believe it, it goes far beyond coincidence and the odds against it being so are comparable to winning the lottery.

Which leaves a problem, if I'm not mistaken. You see Stonehenge predates the Giza Pyramids by four or five thousand years, and yet it and Avebury are built in relationship to Giza. Now if you want to tell me that the Egyptians were here 10,000 years ago building wooden and stone henges you will have to come up with some startling evidence, otherwise it's the other way round, it was the Celts and Druids of Britain who were measuring time and the Earth. Egyptian mythology holds a big clue to the truth. The God Set fought a battle with Horus, the son of Osiris. Set lost his testicles in the fight and was banished from Egypt, yet his city was still the destination of the Journey to Heaven in the 'Book of What is In the Am-Duat' for souls departing to the Afterlife for thousands of years after his banishment. Horus, in the fight, lost his left eye but retained control of Egypt. Set was described as 'The Watcher in the North' and 'Lord of the Northern Sky'. If Set was an astronomer from Britain who had returned from Egypt and the 'eye' that Horus lost was an observatory that covered Britain then this final, for now, clue may shine a light on why I think history is wrong.

There is another line of longitude that is well defined by ancient structures in Britain . It begins at Setley in Hampshire and as it travels north it passes through, in sequence, Grateley, Uffington Castle and the White Horse, the Rollright Stone Circle, Meriden, Kirk Langley, Carl Wark, Tingley, Kirkstall Abbey, Ripley, Fountains Abbey, the Thornborugh Stones, Darlington, Durham Cathedral, Chester-le-Street, the eastern end of Hadrian’s Wall at Wallsend, Amble Castle and then runs into the North Sea at Dunstanburgh Castle. It then passes through Fair Isle before it reaches Shetland and terminates at the Giant Stones of Hamnavoe. It began at Setley and ended at Zetland or Setland. That well marked line with so many towns whose name ends in Ley and so many famous structures, is exactly one eleventh of the circumference of the Earth west of Giza. Khafre's pyramid, in the Giza geometry, defines that precise division.

This has only been the briefest of introductions into the enormous amount of evidence that Simon Cox and myself have accumulated. I will close with one other enigma. If 360 degrees can be questioned so can 24 hours in the day. If it was 22 hours in the day, 51 minutes to the hour and 56 seconds to the minute then the Eleventh Division would be exactly 2 hours west of Giza and there would be 1122 minutes or 62,832 seconds to the day. I hope you are intrigued enough to examine the final work which is still being written at this moment, but I can promise you an insight that nobody is prepared for. There is much, much more to come, but that's Pi for now folks.